Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects many with menstrual cycles, yet it’s often misunderstood. Unlike mild premenstrual symptoms, PMDD severely impacts daily life and emotional well-being.
What is PMDD?
PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by emotional and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These symptoms typically start 1-2 weeks before menstruation and improve shortly after it begins, significantly affecting work, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Symptoms of PMDD
PMDD symptoms vary but commonly include extreme mood swings, depression, anxiety, and physical discomfort like bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and changes in appetite or sleep patterns.
Causes of PMDD
PMDD’s exact cause isn’t fully understood but is linked to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Changes in oestrogen and progesterone levels affect brain neurotransmitters like serotonin, crucial for mood regulation.
Diagnosing PMDD
Diagnosis involves tracking symptoms over several menstrual cycles to establish patterns. Healthcare providers assess symptom severity and impact on daily life, ruling out other conditions like depression or anxiety.
Managing PMDD
Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life through:
– Lifestyle changes: Exercise, stress management, and a balanced diet.
– Medications: SSRIs to ease mood symptoms.
– Hormonal treatments: Birth control or hormonal therapies to regulate fluctuations.
– Therapy: CBT and counselling to manage symptoms and enhance coping strategies.
PMDD is a significant condition impacting those with menstrual cycles. With increased awareness and proper management, individuals can effectively cope with PMDD, improving their well-being and quality of life. Support and guidance from healthcare professionals specializing in women’s health are essential for managing PMDD effectively.
